The Driving Mechanisms on Southern Ocean Upwelling Change during the Last Deglaciation

We explore the change in Southern Ocean upwelling during last deglaciation, based on proxy records and a transient climate model simulation. Our analyses suggest that, beyond conventional mechanism of Hemisphere westerlies shift, is strongly influenced by surface buoyancy forcing local topography. Over Antarctic Circumpolar Current region, zonal mean upwelled flows exhibited distinct evolution patterns since they are driven different mechanisms. The primarily wind stress via Ekman pumping, whereas both forcing, tightly coupled to During early stage vertical extension increased downstream submarine ridges but decreased upstream, which led enhanced diminished upwelling, upstream ridges, respectively.